Never having used a hone, or even seen one in real life, how to you set the stones accurately? I see a gauge/indicator on it, do you just zero the dial, take a test cut, measure, and then adjust accordingly? I'm curious as to how they work. Any videos to recommend I can watch and learn?
How I do it ............ on the machine that I have .
Sunnen honing machines are kinda primitive and sophisticated at the same time , some clever engineering went into the creation of these machines nearly 100 years ago .
The drive , a short explanation of how it works.......
The spindle speed of the machine is changed with pulley's , the required speed is chosen according to the diameter of the bore. ( see chart on the machine ).
When you turn the machine on , the motor turns and the pump ( via it's own belt ) begins circulating honing oil. ( special oil .... expensive !! ) .
At this point the spindle is not engaged , there is a flat belt that is freewheeling , this belt begins gripping and transferring torque by way of a linkage which tensions the belt , when the operator applies down pressure on the foot pedal . The foot pedal simultaneously operates a mechanism that expands or retracts the abrasive stone(s).
In total , there are three belts , a V belt from the electric motor to the stepped pulleys for speed selection , a round belt to run the recirculating pump and a flat belt to power the spindle .
Cutting and material removal adjustments ...........
The dial handle on the face of the machine is used to set the abrasive stone(s) by retracting or expanding them , in doing so , you bring the stones out to make contact with the bore you are machining . When preparing to hone a bore , (with THE ELECTRIC MOTOR TURNED OFF ) , the operator , having selected the desired size mandrel , assembled with it's wedge , stone retainer and the appropriate abrasive , mounted correctly in the spindle , the operator will step on the foot pedal to expand the abrasive stones , then , using the handle on the dial advance the stone(s) to make contact with the bore of the work , some additional rotation of the adjusting dial will have the needle on the indicator gauge moving . The indicator gauge is used to monitor material removal . I like to bring the needle on the gauge around about a turn , there's a red line on the gauge face to use a a reference , sort of a zero , a place to begin . As material is removed during the honing operation , you can watch the needle, as it swings to display in tenth's of a thousandth of an inch as stock removal happens .
Cutting pressure Abrasive types & Materials .......
There is a second dial on the machine I have , it is used to adjust the cutting pressure of the abrasive stones . This needs to be adjustable because the stones come in a variety of grits , hardness and composition. The material being honed can be hard or soft ...... steel , cast , bronze , alloy . Cutting pressure determines speed of material removal and can greatly affect accuracy of the work . There are variables that can play into this for example a hole that is not round or straight , a good operator can compensate and correct for this to straighten out a bore that has become out of round , tapered or egg shaped . This is where experience comes into play , knowing what to do to correct a bore and keep things under control .
Getting prepared and monitoring progress.........
What I mean about getting prepared is , having a plan , using a bore gauge that is set up correctly for the intended job. All of the bore gauges I have are in tenth's (.0001")
For example ........ lets say we are fitting a shaft to a newly installed bushing & let's say that in most cases , bushings are supplied under size and need to be reamed or honed .
I use a micrometer to measure the shaft , then I lock the micrometer at this size ...... this is now zero . I then set up a bore guage to the micrometer and zero that . Measure the newly installed bushing , the bore gauge will display how much material needs to be removed , it will be displaying on the minus side of zero . Zero will be the size of the shaft , any measurement on the plus side of zero is clearance . Hone the bushing carefully and monitor progress as you go with the bore gauge , hone some more untill the desired clearance is shown on the plus side on the face of the bore gauge.
Mandrel & stone selection is a whole separate discussion
Every mandrel has a size range that it is designed to be used within , some mandrels use that number as part of the numbering system .
Abrasive types are another area where it pays to make an intelligent choice , Aluminum Oxide , Silicon Carbide are the two most common types , each having a specific purpose.