I've read through all these rules some of you guys have...... For me, it's mostly just plain Yuk. It's like some of you talked to my wife and decided to pontificate about everything that is wrong with me like she does sometimes. Her way is NOT the only way, nor the right way. It's just her way. Mine is not the only way nor the right way either. It's just MY WAY. If your way works for you, then it's a good way for you, but maybe not for me or others.
It's prolly good to remind everyone that the MAJORITY of us have shops that are best defined as Organized Chaos. Organized Chaos works for me. Some of the neat and tidy methods described by others here do not work for me. My brain is just not wired that way. My brain is basically an organized warehouse of chaotic thoughts and information. I don't use detergents, vacuums, drawers, shelves, or walls up there. Stuff just goes in, connects to other thoughts and sticks, or goes right through. I connect thoughts based on importance, interest, time slot, and the condition of my neural network at the time of arrival. Distractions can render important interesting timely things irrelevant. You cannot imagine how many thoughts I've lost when my bride winked at me, or the dinner bell rang.
So, at the risk of taking this whole discussion way off track the rules that work for me - in no particular order of course - are:
Rule #1 - There are no rules because all rules are meant to be broken.
#2 - Surfaces need something on them to avoid looking like or more importantly BEING wasted space. The best things to have on a surface is everything associated with a given project. If I have an empty surface, it's also the ideal spot for a new acquisition that hasn't been fondled, or fondly gazed upon, or studied enough yet.
#3 - Important tools should be duplicated or triplicated so that each project can have its own temporary tool set. If a given tool is too expensive or unobtainable - I NEVER store it in a stupid drawer till I am finished using it. I just keep it on the surface for the project where it was last used. That way it's still handy and not full of spray oil. My brain will easily associate it with its last usage but there is very low hope of finding it locked away in a drawer.
#4 - If a tool does need to be put away, it should be sprayed or wiped down with oil or anti Corrosion fluids before hiding them in a drawer or a cupboard.
#5 - I have tried to keep similar related items in adjacent or grouped drawers, but since drawers and shelves come in different sizes, drawer and storage efficiency will inevitably end up severely compromised. So I prefer to just store things according to their size and shape and don't worry about organizing drawers. But I do have several organized drawers. I really like labels though. For now I make a hand drawing of the tool cabinet and mark the contents on the drawing instead. I keep the "index drawing" on the top shelf/drawer of that storage space. When I get a good Labeller I might change that habit.
#6 - I keep a tray or container on the work surface with all ongoing projects so small parts are not lost and I take pictures of the assemblies so I know how it came apart and how it goes back together.
#7 - I keep all tools used for a particular machine (Allen keys, wrenches, oil cans, rags, crib notes, charts, and cheat sheets with the machine. I NEVER PUT THEM IN A DRAWER OR A HIDING SPOT! I just find a nice dedicated surface, or I make a dedicated surface, or I make hooks or drilled holes to store them right there in plain view right with that machine.
#8 - Chip storage and cleanup is a constant problem for me. So I keep a big trash can for steel and another for aluminium, and I keep smaller waste baskets for brass, copper, bronze, stainless, and cast iron. I vacuum and clean up chips only when the job is done or when the rats nest gets out of control. I have a dedicated dust pan and brush and a big magnet for doing that. When I'm done that, I use a small shop vacuum with replaceable buckets for the chip type. This is a project in progress in and of itself. I don't like the little vacuum I got for this purpose so I'm planning an interim cannister system instead. When I'm done a specific metal cleanup, I do a deep clean and sweep with a regular mixed chip and dirt trash can destination. The LAST THING I would ever do is do a deep clean before closing up shop for the night. It's a total complete waste of time. Between jobs yes, between sleeps, no way. Little jobs might not get cleaned up at all if the swarf volume is low enough to just mix with other low volume swarf jobs and get turfed in a trash bag instead of recycled.
#9 - I always keep my latest greatest projects out in the open for several months and I even decorate the room(s) with them. NOTHING can replace the endorphins that get released when you spot something walking by that you did that you are proud of. A spare surface is a great place for completed projects too! One can never have too many surfaces!
#10 - I try not to put big storage racks against a wall. Instead I try to locate them so both sides are accessible. If they allow it, I can also stack them because my ceiling is high enough.
#11 - I deliberately try to get rid of anything that looks like a plain old decoration. Decorations have no connection to who I am. I only keep things that are important to me. That way, I am always happy to be who I am and do what I do.
#12 - I try to put big stuff at the back of drawers and shelves so they don't hide little stuff. I can do that because I am quite strong. If I had a bad back, I'd prolly reverse that logic because my health trumps tool search time.
#13 - There is no such thing as general usage, or unimportant, or garbage tools. All tools deserve equal respect. The only tool that I am willing to dump are the gizmos and gadgets I've collected over the years where my bare hands do a better job. I always try to gift these to someone less gifted.
#14 - Everything and anything that is heavy and gets moved from time to time should be on wheels that are designed to roll well on the floor. The older I get, the more important this becomes. The only exception to that is things where the functionality might be compromised by putting them on wheels - eg lathes, shapers, surface grinders, mills, etc.
#15 - Large heavy tools are both the blessing and curse of every tool guy. I try to give them the respect they deserve by organizing them first. I always start with big and heavy and work my way down to small to maximize space efficiency.
#16 - I try to group stuff in my shop by application in a dedicated area - woodworking, metal working, electronics, lawn care, recreation, automotive, farm stuff. But sometimes space requirements trump application. I just accept that and I don't fuss over it.
#17 - I never give anything away just to get rid of it unless I acquired a newer or much better one. Murphy's Law says the day after its gone, I will need it again. I do give things away when I feel like it will be appreciated by someone else more than myself though. And sometimes just to make someone else happy.
#18 - I always try to put things where my mind can best locate them. Quite often that's based on a location. I have what I would call a great spacial memory. My mind is 3D not 2D. I don't remember data points like names and numbers and spots. Instead, I remember relative locations, relationships, dependancies, 3D things and relative things. That why a piling system is so much more effective for me than a filing system. I graduated at the top of my engineering class. Not because I had a great memory, but because I understood things and related them to each other. I didn't try to remember a formula. Instead I tried to understand the formula so I could develop it from first principles when I needed it. Quite often it turned out that I didn't need it at all.
Rule #19 - See rule #1 - There are no rules!
I think it always helps if I try to accept that I am not you and you are not me. You are unique and so am I. We all do what works for us and that's ok!